Neurodiversity

First coined by the sociologist Judy Singer in the late 90s neurodiversity describes the full range of natural neurological differences that exist among many people. It recognises that there is no single "correct" way for the brain to function, and that differences in communication, learning, sensory processing and behaviour are a normal part of human diversity/difference.

It is estimated that 1 in 7 people in the UK have neurodevelopmental differences. 

Common neurodiverse presentations include:

Why is it important to understand neurodiversity?

Understanding neurodiversity can help us to:

  • be kind and respectful of people's differences
  • challenge myths and misunderstandings
  • create welcoming and inclusive places for everyone
  • recognise people's strengths and talents
  • make sure children and young people get the support they need to do well.

Everyone has their own strengths, interests and ways of learning. By understanding and valuing these differences, we can help children and young people to thrive.

AspectNeurodivergentNeurotypical
Cognitive style May think in nonlinear, pattern-based, or highly focused ways More aligned with conventional learning and communication styles
Social communication May interpret social cues differently or prefer direct communication Typically comfortable with implicit social rules
Sensory experience Often heightened or reduced sensitivity Usually moderate, predictable sensory responses
Strengths Creativity, deep focus, problem-solving, unique perspectives Consistency, adaptability to social norms, ease in typical environments
Challenges Barriers due to environments not designed for them Fewer systemic barriers

Neurodiversity reframes neurological differences as part of the natural spectrum of human variation. It encourages us to recognise and value individual strengths while identifying and addressing any additional support needs that may help people thrive.

While neurodiverse presentations do not fall under the category of mental health disorders, the impact of living with a neurodiverse presentation can affect an individual’s psychological wellbeing. 

Support for Neurodiversity

The Cheshire and Merseyside Neurodevelopmental Pathway for children and young people has been developed in coproduction across the partnership to better support children and young people with a range of needs.

The pathway includes the Knowing Me profiling tool; a person-centred profile that helps children and young people share important information about themselves, including their strengths, interests, communication preferences, support needs and, what matters to them. It can be used by families, educational settings and professionals to develop a shared understanding of a child or young person's needs and to support planning and decision-making.

The Toolkit for Inclusion provides practical guidance to education settings when supporting children with neurodevelopmental differences. 

Useful links:

Autism

Cheshire East Autism Team

Neuroinclusive Education Network

National Autistic Society

Autism Alliance UK

ADHD

ADHD UK

ADDISS - The National Attention Deficit Disorder Information and Support Service

Dyslexia

British Dyslexia Association

Dyscalculia

Dyscalculia Network

Movement Matters

Tourette Syndrome

Tourettes Action

Page last reviewed: 05 November 2026